ebab7d0da53c51438720d60c6e2e467c - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Building services engineering</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Building services engineering</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

<p><b>Building services engineering</b> (BSE), <b>service engineering</b> or <b>facilities and services planning engineering</b> is a <a href="Regulation_and_licensure_in_engineering" title="Regulation and licensure in engineering">professional engineering</a> discipline that strives to achieve a safe and comfortable <a href="Indoor_air_quality" title="Indoor air quality">indoor environment</a> while minimizing the <a href="Environmental_impact" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact">environmental impact</a> of a <a href="Building" title="Building">building</a>.

</p><p>Building services engineering can be considered a subdiscipline of <i>utility engineering</i>, <i>supply engineering</i> and <i><a href="Architectural_engineering" title="Architectural engineering">architectural engineering</a> (building engineering)</i>, which are all subsets of <i><a href="Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">civil engineering</a></i>.

</p><p>Building services engineering encompasses the professional disciplines <i><a href="Mechanical%2C_electrical_and_plumbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanical, electrical and plumbing">mechanical, electrical and plumbing</a> (MEP)</i> and <i>technical building services</i>, specifically the fields of

</p>

<ul><li><a href="HVAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HVAC">HVAC</a> and building related <a href="Sanitary_engineering" title="Sanitary engineering">sanitary engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a> including <a href="Building_automation" title="Building automation">building automation</a> and building related <a href="Telecommunications_engineering" title="Telecommunications engineering">telecommunications engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical engineering</a> insofar it is building related, e.g. in the construction of <a href="Elevator" title="Elevator">elevators</a></li></ul>

<p>Building services engineering is related to <i><a href="Facilities_engineering" title="Facilities engineering">facilities engineering</a></i> which focusses on the technical facilities of commercial and industrial buildings.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_bodies">Professional bodies</h2></div>

<p>The two most notable professional bodies are:

</p>

<ul><li>The <a href="ASHRAE" title="ASHRAE">American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers</a> (ASHRAE) was founded in 1894.</li>

<li>The British <a href="Chartered_Institution_of_Building_Services_Engineers" title="Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers">Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers</a> (CIBSE) was founded in 1976 and received a Royal Charter in the <a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, formally recognising building services engineering as a profession.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div>

<p>Building services engineers typically possess an academic degree in <a href="Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">civil engineering</a>, <a href="Architectural_engineering" title="Architectural engineering">architectural engineering</a>, building services engineering, <a href="Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical engineering</a> or <a href="Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a>. The length of study for such a degree is usually 3–4 years for a <a href="Bachelor_of_Engineering" title="Bachelor of Engineering">Bachelor of Engineering</a> (BEng) or <a href="Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> (BSc) and 4–5 years for a <a href="Master_of_Engineering" title="Master of Engineering">Master of Engineering</a> (MEng).

</p><p>In the United Kingdom, the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (<a href="Chartered_Institution_of_Building_Services_Engineers" title="Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers">CIBSE</a>) accredits university degrees in Building Services Engineering.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, <a href="ABET" title="ABET">ABET</a> accredits degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Building_services_engineering_software">Building services engineering software</h2></div>

<p>Many tasks in building services engineering involve the use of engineering software, for example to design/model or draw solutions. The most common types of tool are whole building energy simulation<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Computer-aided_design" title="Computer-aided design">CAD</a> (traditionally 2D) or the increasingly popular <a href="Building_Information_Modeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Building Information Modeling">Building Information Modeling</a> (BIM) which is 3D. 3D BIM software can have integrated tools for Building Services calculations such sizing ventilation ducts or estimating noise levels. Another use of 3D/4D BIM is that empowers more informed decision making and better coordination between different disciplines, such as <a href="Collision_detection" title="Collision detection">'collision testing'</a>.

</p>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<ul><li><a href="American_Society_of_Heating%2C_Refrigerating_and_Air-Conditioning_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers">American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers</a></li>

<li><a href="Architectural_engineering" title="Architectural engineering">Architectural engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Building_engineer" title="Building engineer">Building engineer</a></li>

<li><a href="Building_Engineering_Services_Association" title="Building Engineering Services Association">Building Engineering Services Association</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cibse.org/membership/accredited-courses/list-of-accredited-courses">"Accredited Courses"</a>. CIBSE<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-19</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abet.org/AccredProgramSearch/AccreditationSearch.aspx">Search All Accredited Programs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110817205746/http://www.abet.org/AccredProgramSearch/AccreditationSearch.aspx">Archived</a> 2011-08-17 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Mahmud, U. Amin, M.J. Hossain, J. Ravishankar, "Computational tools for design, analysis, and management of residential energy systems", Applied Energy, 2018, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.111">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.111</a></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ashrae.org/">ASHRAE</a> American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.b-es.org/">BESA</a> Building Engineering Services Association</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsria.co.uk/">BSRIA</a> The Building Services Research and Information Association</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cibse.org/">CIBSE</a> Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eca.co.uk/">ECA</a> ECA - Excellence in Electrotechnical and Engineering Services</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modbs.co.uk/">Modern Building Services journal</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180715010057/http://www.arca53.dsl.pipex.com/">Online Building Services Engineering Lecture Notes</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.JNAFAU.ac.in/">India</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120408044308/http://www.fspians.com/">School of Planning and Architecture, JNA & FAU, Hyderabad, India</a></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning216" style="vertical-align: middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning216" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Heating%2C_ventilation%2C_and_air_conditioning" title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundamental <br>concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Air_changes_per_hour" title="Air changes per hour">Air changes per hour</a> (ACH)</li>

<li><a href="Building_envelope" title="Building envelope">Building envelope</a></li>

<li><a href="Convection" title="Convection">Convection</a></li>

<li><a href="Dilution_(equation)" title="Dilution (equation)">Dilution</a></li>

<li><a href="Domestic_energy_consumption" title="Domestic energy consumption">Domestic energy consumption</a></li>

<li><a href="Enthalpy" title="Enthalpy">Enthalpy</a></li>

<li><a href="Fluid_dynamics" title="Fluid dynamics">Fluid dynamics</a></li>

<li><a href="Gas_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas compressor">Gas compressor</a></li>

<li><a href="Heat_pump_and_refrigeration_cycle" title="Heat pump and refrigeration cycle">Heat pump and refrigeration cycle</a></li>

<li><a href="Heat_transfer" title="Heat transfer">Heat transfer</a></li>

<li><a href="Humidity" title="Humidity">Humidity</a></li>

<li><a href="Infiltration_(HVAC)" title="Infiltration (HVAC)">Infiltration</a></li>

<li><a href="Latent_heat" title="Latent heat">Latent heat</a></li>

<li><a href="Noise_control" title="Noise control">Noise control</a></li>

<li><a href="Outgassing" title="Outgassing">Outgassing</a></li>

<li><a href="Particulates" class="mw-redirect" title="Particulates">Particulates</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychrometrics" title="Psychrometrics">Psychrometrics</a></li>

<li><a href="Sensible_heat" title="Sensible heat">Sensible heat</a></li>

<li><a href="Stack_effect" title="Stack effect">Stack effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermal_comfort" title="Thermal comfort">Thermal comfort</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermal_destratification" title="Thermal destratification">Thermal destratification</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermal_mass" title="Thermal mass">Thermal mass</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">Thermodynamics</a></li>

<li><a href="Vapour_pressure_of_water" title="Vapour pressure of water">Vapour pressure of water</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Absorption-compression_heat_pump" title="Absorption-compression heat pump">Absorption-compression heat pump</a></li>

<li><a href="Absorption_refrigerator" title="Absorption refrigerator">Absorption refrigerator</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_barrier" title="Air barrier">Air barrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">Air conditioning</a></li>

<li><a href="Antifreeze" title="Antifreeze">Antifreeze</a></li>

<li><a href="Automobile_air_conditioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile air conditioning">Automobile air conditioning</a></li>

<li><a href="Autonomous_building" title="Autonomous building">Autonomous building</a></li>

<li><a href="Building_insulation_material" title="Building insulation material">Building insulation materials</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_heating" title="Central heating">Central heating</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_solar_heating" title="Central solar heating">Central solar heating</a></li>

<li><a href="Chilled_beam" title="Chilled beam">Chilled beam</a></li>

<li><a href="Chilled_water" title="Chilled water">Chilled water</a></li>

<li><a href="Constant_air_volume" title="Constant air volume">Constant air volume</a> (CAV)</li>

<li><a href="Coolant" title="Coolant">Coolant</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross_ventilation" title="Cross ventilation">Cross ventilation</a></li>

<li><a href="Dedicated_outdoor_air_system" title="Dedicated outdoor air system">Dedicated outdoor air system</a> (DOAS)</li>

<li><a href="Deep_water_source_cooling" title="Deep water source cooling">Deep water source cooling</a></li>

<li><a href="Demand_controlled_ventilation" title="Demand controlled ventilation">Demand controlled ventilation</a> (DCV)</li>

<li><a href="Displacement_ventilation" title="Displacement ventilation">Displacement ventilation</a></li>

<li><a href="District_cooling" title="District cooling">District cooling</a></li>

<li><a href="District_heating" title="District heating">District heating</a></li>

<li><a href="Electric_heating" title="Electric heating">Electric heating</a></li>

<li><a href="Energy_recovery_ventilation" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy recovery ventilation">Energy recovery ventilation</a> (ERV)</li>

<li><a href="Firestop" title="Firestop">Firestop</a></li>

<li><a href="Forced-air" title="Forced-air">Forced-air</a></li>

<li><a href="Forced-air_gas" title="Forced-air gas">Forced-air gas</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_cooling" title="Free cooling">Free cooling</a></li>

<li><a href="Heat_recovery_ventilation" title="Heat recovery ventilation">Heat recovery ventilation</a> (HRV)</li>

<li><a href="Hybrid_heat" title="Hybrid heat">Hybrid heat</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydronics" title="Hydronics">Hydronics</a></li>

<li><a href="Ice_storage_air_conditioning" title="Ice storage air conditioning">Ice storage air conditioning</a></li>

<li><a href="Kitchen_ventilation" title="Kitchen ventilation">Kitchen ventilation</a></li>

<li><a href="Mixed-mode_ventilation" title="Mixed-mode ventilation">Mixed-mode ventilation</a></li>

<li><a href="Microgeneration" title="Microgeneration">Microgeneration</a></li>

<li><a href="Passive_cooling" title="Passive cooling">Passive cooling</a></li>

<li><a href="Passive_daytime_radiative_cooling" title="Passive daytime radiative cooling">Passive daytime radiative cooling</a></li>

<li><a href="Passive_house" title="Passive house">Passive house</a></li>

<li><a href="Passive_ventilation" title="Passive ventilation">Passive ventilation</a></li>

<li><a href="Radiant_heating_and_cooling" title="Radiant heating and cooling">Radiant heating and cooling</a></li>

<li><a href="Radiant_cooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiant cooling">Radiant cooling</a></li>

<li><a href="Radiant_heating" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiant heating">Radiant heating</a></li>

<li><a href="Radon_mitigation" title="Radon mitigation">Radon mitigation</a></li>

<li><a href="Refrigeration" title="Refrigeration">Refrigeration</a></li>

<li><a href="Renewable_heat" title="Renewable heat">Renewable heat</a></li>

<li><a href="Room_air_distribution" title="Room air distribution">Room air distribution</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_air_heat" title="Solar air heat">Solar air heat</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_combisystem" title="Solar combisystem">Solar combisystem</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_cooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar cooling">Solar cooling</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_heating" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar heating">Solar heating</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">Thermal insulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermosiphon" title="Thermosiphon">Thermosiphon</a></li>

<li><a href="Underfloor_air_distribution" title="Underfloor air distribution">Underfloor air distribution</a></li>

<li><a href="Underfloor_heating" title="Underfloor heating">Underfloor heating</a></li>

<li><a href="Vapor_barrier" title="Vapor barrier">Vapor barrier</a></li>

<li><a href="Vapor-compression_refrigeration" title="Vapor-compression refrigeration">Vapor-compression refrigeration</a> (VCRS)</li>

<li><a href="Variable_air_volume" title="Variable air volume">Variable air volume</a> (VAV)</li>

<li><a href="Variable_refrigerant_flow" title="Variable refrigerant flow">Variable refrigerant flow</a> (VRF)</li>

<li><a href="Ventilation_(architecture)" title="Ventilation (architecture)">Ventilation</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">Water heat recycling</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Air_conditioner_inverter" class="mw-redirect" title="Air conditioner inverter">Air conditioner inverter</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_filter" title="Air filter">Air filter</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_handler" title="Air handler">Air handler</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_ioniser" title="Air ioniser">Air ionizer</a></li>

<li><a href="Air-mixing_plenum" title="Air-mixing plenum">Air-mixing plenum</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_purifier" title="Air purifier">Air purifier</a></li>

<li><a href="Air_source_heat_pump" title="Air source heat pump">Air source heat pump</a></li>

<li><a href="Attic_fan" title="Attic fan">Attic fan</a></li>

<li><a href="Automatic_balancing_valve" title="Automatic balancing valve">Automatic balancing valve</a></li>

<li><a href="Back_boiler" title="Back boiler">Back boiler</a></li>

<li><a href="Barrier_pipe" title="Barrier pipe">Barrier pipe</a></li>

<li><a href="Blast_damper" title="Blast damper">Blast damper</a></li>

<li><a href="Boiler" title="Boiler">Boiler</a></li>

<li><a href="Centrifugal_fan" title="Centrifugal fan">Centrifugal fan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ceramic_heater" title="Ceramic heater">Ceramic heater</a></li>

<li><a href="Chiller" title="Chiller">Chiller</a></li>

<li><a href="Condensate_pump" title="Condensate pump">Condensate pump</a></li>

<li><a href="Condenser_(heat_transfer)" title="Condenser (heat transfer)">Condenser</a></li>

<li><a href="Condensing_boiler" title="Condensing boiler">Condensing boiler</a></li>

<li><a href="Convection_heater" title="Convection heater">Convection heater</a></li>

<li><a href="Compressor" title="Compressor">Compressor</a></li>

<li><a href="Cooling_tower" title="Cooling tower">Cooling tower</a></li>

<li><a href="Damper_(flow)" title="Damper (flow)">Damper</a></li>

<li><a href="Dehumidifier" title="Dehumidifier">Dehumidifier</a></li>

<li><a href="Economizer" title="Economizer">Economizer</a></li>

<li><a href="Electrostatic_precipitator" title="Electrostatic precipitator">Electrostatic precipitator</a></li>

<li><a href="Evaporative_cooler" title="Evaporative cooler">Evaporative cooler</a></li>

<li><a href="Evaporator" title="Evaporator">Evaporator</a></li>

<li><a href="Exhaust_hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Exhaust hood">Exhaust hood</a></li>

<li><a href="Expansion_tank" title="Expansion tank">Expansion tank</a></li>

<li><a href="Fan_filter_unit" title="Fan filter unit">Fan filter unit</a></li>

<li><a href="Fan_heater" title="Fan heater">Fan heater</a></li>

<li><a href="Fire_damper" title="Fire damper">Fire damper</a></li>

<li><a href="Fireplace" title="Fireplace">Fireplace</a></li>

<li><a href="Fireplace_insert" title="Fireplace insert">Fireplace insert</a></li>

<li><a href="Freeze_stat" title="Freeze stat">Freeze stat</a></li>

<li><a href="Freon" title="Freon">Freon</a></li>

<li><a href="Furnace_(house_heating)" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnace (house heating)">Furnace</a></li>

<li><a href="Gas_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas compressor">Gas compressor</a></li>

<li><a href="Gas_heater" title="Gas heater">Gas heater</a></li>

<li><a href="Gasoline_heater" title="Gasoline heater">Gasoline heater</a></li>

<li><a href="Grease_duct" title="Grease duct">Grease duct</a></li>

<li><a href="Grille_(architecture)" title="Grille (architecture)">Grille</a></li>

<li><a href="Ground-coupled_heat_exchanger" title="Ground-coupled heat exchanger">Ground-coupled heat exchanger</a></li>

<li><a href="Ground_source_heat_pump" title="Ground source heat pump">Ground source heat pump</a></li>

<li><a href="Heat_exchanger" title="Heat exchanger">Heat exchanger</a></li>

<li><a href="Heating_film" title="Heating film">Heating film</a></li>

<li><a href="Heating_system" title="Heating system">Heating system</a></li>

<li><a href="High_efficiency_glandless_circulating_pump" title="High efficiency glandless circulating pump">High efficiency glandless circulating pump</a></li>

<li><a href="High-pressure_cut-off_switch" class="mw-redirect" title="High-pressure cut-off switch">High-pressure cut-off switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Humidifier" title="Humidifier">Humidifier</a></li>

<li><a href="Infrared_heater" title="Infrared heater">Infrared heater</a></li>

<li><a href="Inverter_compressor" title="Inverter compressor">Inverter compressor</a></li>

<li><a href="Kerosene_heater" title="Kerosene heater">Kerosene heater</a></li>

<li><a href="Louver" title="Louver">Louver</a></li>

<li><a href="Mechanical_room" title="Mechanical room">Mechanical room</a></li>

<li><a href="Oil_heater" title="Oil heater">Oil heater</a></li>

<li><a href="Packaged_terminal_air_conditioner" title="Packaged terminal air conditioner">Packaged terminal air conditioner</a></li>

<li><a href="Plenum_space" title="Plenum space">Plenum space</a></li>

<li><a href="Pressurisation_ductwork" title="Pressurisation ductwork">Pressurisation ductwork</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_duct_work" title="Process duct work">Process duct work</a></li>

<li><a href="Radiator_(heating)" title="Radiator (heating)">Radiator</a></li>

<li><a href="Radiator_reflector" title="Radiator reflector">Radiator reflector</a></li>

<li><a href="Recuperator" title="Recuperator">Recuperator</a></li>

<li><a href="Refrigerant" title="Refrigerant">Refrigerant</a></li>

<li><a href="Register_(air_and_heating)" title="Register (air and heating)">Register</a></li>

<li><a href="Reversing_valve" title="Reversing valve">Reversing valve</a></li>

<li><a href="Run-around_coil" title="Run-around coil">Run-around coil</a></li>

<li><a href="Sail_switch" title="Sail switch">Sail switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Scroll_compressor" title="Scroll compressor">Scroll compressor</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_chimney" title="Solar chimney">Solar chimney</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar-assisted_heat_pump" title="Solar-assisted heat pump">Solar-assisted heat pump</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_heater" title="Space heater">Space heater</a></li>

<li><a href="Smoke_canopy" title="Smoke canopy">Smoke canopy</a></li>

<li><a href="Smoke_damper" title="Smoke damper">Smoke damper</a></li>

<li><a href="Smoke_exhaust_ductwork" title="Smoke exhaust ductwork">Smoke exhaust ductwork</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermal_expansion_valve" title="Thermal expansion valve">Thermal expansion valve</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermal_wheel" title="Thermal wheel">Thermal wheel</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermostatic_radiator_valve" title="Thermostatic radiator valve">Thermostatic radiator valve</a></li>

<li><a href="Trickle_vent" title="Trickle vent">Trickle vent</a></li>

<li><a href="Trombe_wall" title="Trombe wall">Trombe wall</a></li>

<li><a href="TurboSwing" title="TurboSwing">TurboSwing</a></li>

<li><a href="Turning_vanes_(HVAC)" title="Turning vanes (HVAC)">Turning vanes</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultra-low_particulate_air" title="Ultra-low particulate air">Ultra-low particulate air</a> (ULPA)</li>

<li><a href="Whole-house_fan" title="Whole-house fan">Whole-house fan</a></li>

<li><a href="Windcatcher" title="Windcatcher">Windcatcher</a></li>

<li><a href="Wood-burning_stove" title="Wood-burning stove">Wood-burning stove</a></li>

<li><a href="Zone_valve" title="Zone valve">Zone valve</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measurement<br>and control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Air_flow_meter" title="Air flow meter">Air flow meter</a></li>

<li><a href="Aquastat" title="Aquastat">Aquastat</a></li>

<li><a href="BACnet" title="BACnet">BACnet</a></li>

<li><a href="Blower_door" title="Blower door">Blower door</a></li>

<li><a href="Building_automation" title="Building automation">Building automation</a></li>

<li><a href="Carbon_dioxide_sensor" title="Carbon dioxide sensor">Carbon dioxide sensor</a></li>

<li><a href="Clean_air_delivery_rate" title="Clean air delivery rate">Clean air delivery rate</a> (CADR)</li>

<li><a href="Control_valve" title="Control valve">Control valve</a></li>

<li><a href="Gas_detector" title="Gas detector">Gas detector</a></li>

<li><a href="Home_energy_monitor" title="Home energy monitor">Home energy monitor</a></li>

<li><a href="Humidistat" title="Humidistat">Humidistat</a></li>

<li><a href="HVAC_control_system" title="HVAC control system">HVAC control system</a></li>

<li><a href="Infrared_thermometer" title="Infrared thermometer">Infrared thermometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligent_buildings" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent buildings">Intelligent buildings</a></li>

<li><a href="LonWorks" title="LonWorks">LonWorks</a></li>

<li><a href="Minimum_efficiency_reporting_value" title="Minimum efficiency reporting value">Minimum efficiency reporting value</a> (MERV)</li>

<li><a href="Normal_temperature_and_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Normal temperature and pressure">Normal temperature and pressure</a> (NTP)</li>

<li><a href="OpenTherm" title="OpenTherm">OpenTherm</a></li>

<li><a href="Programmable_communicating_thermostat" title="Programmable communicating thermostat">Programmable communicating thermostat</a></li>

<li><a href="Programmable_thermostat" title="Programmable thermostat">Programmable thermostat</a></li>

<li><a href="Psychrometrics" title="Psychrometrics">Psychrometrics</a></li>

<li><a href="Room_temperature" title="Room temperature">Room temperature</a></li>

<li><a href="Smart_thermostat" title="Smart thermostat">Smart thermostat</a></li>

<li><a href="Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure">Standard temperature and pressure</a> (STP)</li>

<li><a href="Thermographic_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermographic camera">Thermographic camera</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermostat" title="Thermostat">Thermostat</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermostatic_radiator_valve" title="Thermostatic radiator valve">Thermostatic radiator valve</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions,<br>trades,<br>and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Architectural_acoustics" title="Architectural acoustics">Architectural acoustics</a></li>

<li><a href="Architectural_engineering" title="Architectural engineering">Architectural engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Architectural_technologist" title="Architectural technologist">Architectural technologist</a></li>

<li><a href="Building_information_modeling" title="Building information modeling">Building information modeling</a> (BIM)</li>

<li><a href="Deep_energy_retrofit" title="Deep energy retrofit">Deep energy retrofit</a></li>

<li><a href="Duct_cleaning" class="mw-redirect" title="Duct cleaning">Duct cleaning</a></li>

<li><a href="Duct_leakage_testing" title="Duct leakage testing">Duct leakage testing</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydronic_balancing" title="Hydronic balancing">Hydronic balancing</a></li>

<li><a href="Kitchen_exhaust_cleaning" title="Kitchen exhaust cleaning">Kitchen exhaust cleaning</a></li>

<li><a href="Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">Mechanical engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Mechanical%2C_electrical%2C_and_plumbing" title="Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing">Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing</a></li>

<li><a href="Mold_growth%2C_assessment%2C_and_remediation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mold growth, assessment, and remediation">Mold growth, assessment, and remediation</a></li>

<li><a href="Refrigerant_reclamation" title="Refrigerant reclamation">Refrigerant reclamation</a></li>

<li><a href="Testing%2C_adjusting%2C_balancing" title="Testing, adjusting, balancing">Testing, adjusting, balancing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry <br>organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ASHRAE" title="ASHRAE">ASHRAE</a></li>

<li><a href="ASTM_International" title="ASTM International">ASTM International</a></li>

<li><a href="BSRIA" title="BSRIA">BSRIA</a></li>

<li><a href="Chartered_Institution_of_Building_Services_Engineers" title="Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers">CIBSE</a></li>

<li><a href="Institute_of_Refrigeration" title="Institute of Refrigeration">Institute of Refrigeration</a></li>

<li><a href="Sheet_Metal_and_Air_Conditioning_Contractors'_National_Association" title="Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association">SMACNA</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health and safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Indoor_air_quality" title="Indoor air quality">Indoor air quality</a> (IAQ)</li>

<li><a href="Passive_smoking" title="Passive smoking">Passive smoking</a></li>

<li><a href="Sick_building_syndrome" title="Sick building syndrome">Sick building syndrome</a> (SBS)</li>

<li><a href="Volatile_organic_compound" title="Volatile organic compound">Volatile organic compound</a> (VOC)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ASHRAE_Handbook" title="ASHRAE Handbook">ASHRAE Handbook</a></li>

<li><a href="Building_science" title="Building science">Building science</a></li>

<li><a href="Fireproofing" title="Fireproofing">Fireproofing</a></li>

<li><a href="Glossary_of_HVAC_terms" title="Glossary of HVAC terms">Glossary of HVAC terms</a></li>

<li><a href="Warm_Spaces" title="Warm Spaces">Warm Spaces</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Refrigeration_Day" title="World Refrigeration Day">World Refrigeration Day</a></li>

<li>Template:Fire protection</li>

<li>Template:Home automation</li>

<li>Template:Solar energy</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Levels_of_academic_degree111" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Levels_of_academic_degree111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Levels of <a href="Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">academic degree</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Undergraduate_degree" title="Undergraduate degree">Undergraduate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="International_Standard_Classification_of_Education" title="International Standard Classification of Education">ISCED</a> level 5</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Associate_degree" title="Associate degree">Associate degree</a></li>

<li><a href="Foundation_degree" title="Foundation degree">Foundation degree</a></li>

<li><a href="Higher_National_Diploma" title="Higher National Diploma">Higher National Diploma</a> / <a href="Diploma_of_Higher_Education" title="Diploma of Higher Education">Diploma of Higher Education</a> / <a href="Certificate_of_Higher_Education" title="Certificate of Higher Education">Certificate of Higher Education</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="International_Standard_Classification_of_Education" title="International Standard Classification of Education">ISCED</a> level 6</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bachelor's_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">Bachelor's degree</a></li>

<li><a href="Honours_degree" title="Honours degree">Honours degree</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="International_Standard_Classification_of_Education" title="International Standard Classification of Education">ISCED</a> level 7</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Master's_degree" title="Master's degree">Master's degree</a></li>

<li><a href="Postgraduate_diploma" title="Postgraduate diploma">Postgraduate diploma</a>/<a href="Postgraduate_certificate" title="Postgraduate certificate">certificate</a></li>

<li><a href="Diplom" title="Diplom">Diplom degree</a></li>

<li><a href="Engineer's_degree" title="Engineer's degree">Engineer's degree</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="International_Standard_Classification_of_Education" title="International Standard Classification of Education">ISCED</a> level 8</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Doctorate</a></li>

<li><a href="Candidate_of_Sciences" title="Candidate of Sciences">Candidate of Sciences</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Postdoctoral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Higher_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher doctorate">Higher doctorate</a></li>

<li><a href="Doctor_of_Sciences" title="Doctor of Sciences">Doctor of Sciences</a></li>

<li><a href="Habilitation" title="Habilitation">Habilitation</a></li>

<li><a href="Docent#Northern_Europe" title="Docent">Docent</a></li>

<li><a href="Academic_tenure" title="Academic tenure">Tenure</a></li>

<li><a href="Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellow</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">No dominant<br>classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Academic_certificate" title="Academic certificate">Academic certificate</a></li>

<li><a href="Artist_diploma" title="Artist diploma">Artist diploma</a></li>

<li><a href="External_degree" title="External degree">External degree</a></li>

<li><a href="Laurea" title="Laurea">Laurea</a></li>

<li><a href="Licentiate_(degree)" title="Licentiate (degree)">Licentiate</a></li>

<li><a href="Magister_degree" title="Magister degree">Magister degree</a></li>

<li><a href="Microdegree" title="Microdegree">Microdegree</a></li>

<li><a href="Professional_degree" title="Professional degree">Professional degree</a></li>

<li><a href="Graduate_diploma" title="Graduate diploma">Graduate diploma</a>/<a href="Graduate_certificate" title="Graduate certificate">certificate</a></li>

<li><a href="Higher_diploma" title="Higher diploma">Higher diploma</a></li>

<li><a href="Specialist_degree" title="Specialist degree">Specialist degree</a>/<a href="Education_in_Russia#Traditional_model" title="Education in Russia">diploma</a></li>

<li><a href="Terminal_degree" title="Terminal degree">Terminal degree</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unearned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">Honorary degree</a></li>

<li><a href="Ad_eundem_degree" title="Ad eundem degree"><i>Ad eundem</i> degree</a></li>

<li><a href="Master_of_Arts_(Oxford%2C_Cambridge_and_Dublin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin)">Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sustainability771" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sustainability771" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_sustainability" title="Outline of sustainability">Outline</a></li>

<li><a href="Index_of_sustainability_articles" title="Index of sustainability articles">Index</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sustainability#Principles_and_concepts" title="Sustainability">Principles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anthropocene" title="Anthropocene">Anthropocene</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Global_governance" title="Global governance">Global governance</a></li>

<li><a href="Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">Human impact on the environment</a></li>

<li><a href="Planetary_boundaries" title="Planetary boundaries">Planetary boundaries</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Development</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sustainable_consumption" title="Sustainable consumption">Consumption</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anthropization" title="Anthropization">Anthropization</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li>

<li><a href="Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">Circular economy</a></li>

<li><a href="Durable_good" title="Durable good">Durable good</a></li>

<li><a href="Earth_Overshoot_Day" title="Earth Overshoot Day">Earth Overshoot Day</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">Ecological footprint</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethical_consumerism" title="Ethical consumerism">Ethical</a></li>

<li><a href="Green_consumption" title="Green consumption">Green consumption</a></li>

<li><a href="Micro-sustainability" title="Micro-sustainability">Micro-sustainability</a></li>

<li><a href="Over-consumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Over-consumption">Over-consumption</a></li>

<li><a href="Product_stewardship" title="Product stewardship">Product stewardship</a></li>

<li><a href="Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li>

<li><a href="Social_return_on_investment" title="Social return on investment">Social return on investment</a></li>

<li><a href="Steady-state_economy" title="Steady-state economy">Steady-state economy</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sustainability_advertising" title="Sustainability advertising">Advertising</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainability_brand" title="Sustainability brand">Brand</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainability_marketing_myopia" title="Sustainability marketing myopia">Marketing myopia</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainable</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sustainable_consumer_behaviour" title="Sustainable consumer behaviour">Consumer behaviour</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable market">Market</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sustainability_and_systemic_change_resistance" title="Sustainability and systemic change resistance">Systemic change resistance</a></li>

<li><a href="Tragedy_of_the_commons" title="Tragedy of the commons">Tragedy of the commons</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="World_population" title="World population">World population</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Human_population_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Human population control">Control</a></li>

<li><a href="Demographic_transition" title="Demographic transition">Demographic transition</a></li>

<li><a href="Dependency_ratio" title="Dependency ratio">Dependency ratio</a>

<li><a href="Family_planning" title="Family planning">Family planning</a></li>

<li><a href="Intergenerational_equity" title="Intergenerational equity">Intergenerational equity</a></li>

<li><a href="Population_ageing" title="Population ageing">Population ageing</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_population" title="Sustainable population">Sustainable population</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Appropriate_technology" title="Appropriate technology">Appropriate</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_technology" title="Environmental technology">Environmental technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Natural_building" title="Natural building">Natural building</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_architecture" title="Sustainable architecture">Sustainable architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable design</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_industries" title="Sustainable industries">Sustainable industries</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">Sustainable packaging</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Biosecurity" title="Biosecurity">Biosecurity</a></li>

<li><a href="Biosphere" title="Biosphere">Biosphere</a></li>

<li><a href="Conservation_biology" title="Conservation biology">Conservation biology</a></li>

<li><a href="Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">Endangered species</a></li>

<li><a href="Holocene_extinction" title="Holocene extinction">Holocene extinction</a></li>

<li><a href="Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">Invasive species</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Energy" title="Energy">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">Carbon footprint</a></li>

<li><a href="Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">Sustainable energy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sustainable_food_system" title="Sustainable food system">Food</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Civic_agriculture" title="Civic agriculture">Civic agriculture</a></li>

<li><a href="Climate-smart_agriculture" title="Climate-smart agriculture">Climate-smart agriculture</a></li>

<li><a href="Community-supported_agriculture" title="Community-supported agriculture">Community-supported agriculture</a></li>

<li><a href="Cultured_meat" title="Cultured meat">Cultured meat</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_agriculture" title="Sustainable agriculture">Sustainable agriculture</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_diet" title="Sustainable diet">Sustainable diet</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">Sustainable fishery</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Air_well_(condenser)" title="Air well (condenser)">Air well (condenser)</a></li>

<li><a href="Bioretention" title="Bioretention">Bioretention</a></li>

<li><a href="Bioswale" title="Bioswale">Bioswale</a></li>

<li><a href="Catchwater" title="Catchwater">Catchwater</a></li>

<li><a href="Constructed_wetland" title="Constructed wetland">Constructed wetland</a></li>

<li><a href="Detention_basin" title="Detention basin">Detention basin</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_footprint" title="Water footprint">Footprint</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">Hydroelectricity</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydropower" title="Hydropower">Hydropower</a></li>

<li><a href="Infiltration_basin" title="Infiltration basin">Infiltration basin</a></li>

<li><a href="Irrigation_tank" title="Irrigation tank">Irrigation tank</a></li>

<li><a href="Marine_energy" title="Marine energy">Marine energy</a></li>

<li><a href="Micro_hydro" title="Micro hydro">Micro hydro</a></li>

<li><a href="Ocean_thermal_energy_conversion" title="Ocean thermal energy conversion">Ocean thermal energy conversion</a></li>

<li><a href="Pico_hydro" title="Pico hydro">Pico hydro</a></li>

<li><a href="Rain_garden" title="Rain garden">Rain garden</a></li>

<li><a href="Rainwater_harvesting" title="Rainwater harvesting">Rainwater harvesting</a></li>

<li><a href="Rainwater_tank" title="Rainwater tank">Rainwater tank</a></li>

<li><a href="Reclaimed_water" title="Reclaimed water">Reclaimed water</a></li>

<li><a href="Retention_basin" title="Retention basin">Retention basin</a></li>

<li><a href="Run-of-the-river_hydroelectricity" title="Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity">Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Scarcity</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_security" title="Water security">Security</a></li>

<li><a href="Small_hydro" title="Small hydro">Small hydro</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_drainage_system" title="Sustainable drainage system">Sustainable drainage system</a></li>

<li><a href="Tidal_power" title="Tidal power">Tidal power</a></li>

<li><a href="Tidal_stream_generator" title="Tidal stream generator">Tidal stream generator</a></li>

<li><a href="Tree_box_filter" title="Tree box filter">Tree box filter</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_conservation" title="Water conservation">Water conservation</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">Water heat recycling</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_recycling_shower" title="Water recycling shower">Water recycling shower</a></li>

<li><a href="Water-sensitive_urban_design" title="Water-sensitive urban design">Water-sensitive urban design</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accountability</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Corporate_environmental_responsibility" title="Corporate environmental responsibility">Corporate environmental responsibility</a></li>

<li><a href="Corporate_social_responsibility" title="Corporate social responsibility">Corporate social responsibility</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_accounting" title="Environmental accounting">Environmental accounting</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_full-cost_accounting" title="Environmental full-cost accounting">Environmental full-cost accounting</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_planning" title="Environmental planning">Environmental planning</a></li>

<li><a href="Generational_accounting" title="Generational accounting">Generational accounting</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sustainability_accounting" title="Sustainability accounting">Accounting</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainability_measurement" title="Sustainability measurement">Measurement</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainability_metrics_and_indices" title="Sustainability metrics and indices">Metrics and indices</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainability_reporting" title="Sustainability reporting">Reporting</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainability_standards_and_certification" title="Sustainability standards and certification">Standards and certification</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_yield" title="Sustainable yield">Sustainable yield</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Debt_Sustainability_Analysis" title="Debt Sustainability Analysis">Debt Sustainability Analysis</a></li>

<li><a href="Fiscal_sustainability" title="Fiscal sustainability">Fiscal sustainability</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sustainable_advertising" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable advertising">Advertising</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_business" title="Sustainable business">Business</a></li>

<li><a href="Cultural_sustainability" title="Cultural sustainability">Cultural sustainability</a></li>

<li><a href="Climate_finance" title="Climate finance">Climate finance</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_community" title="Sustainable community">Community</a></li>

<li><a href="Disinvestment" title="Disinvestment">Disinvestment</a></li>

<li><a href="Eco-capitalism" title="Eco-capitalism">Eco-capitalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Eco-cities" title="Eco-cities">Eco-cities</a></li>

<li><a href="Eco-investing" title="Eco-investing">Eco-investing</a></li>

<li><a href="Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecovillage" title="Ecovillage">Ecovillage</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_finance" title="Environmental finance">Environmental finance</a></li>

<li><a href="Green_economy" title="Green economy">Green economy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Sustainability_in_construction" title="Sustainability in construction">Construction</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_fashion" title="Sustainable fashion">Fashion</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_finance" title="Sustainable finance">Finance</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_gardening" title="Sustainable gardening">Gardening</a></li>

<li><a href="Geopark" title="Geopark">Geopark</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmentally_friendly" title="Environmentally friendly">Green</a>

<ul><li><a href="Green_development" title="Green development">Development</a></li>

<li><a href="Green_infrastructure" title="Green infrastructure">Infrastructure</a></li>

<li><a href="Green_marketing" title="Green marketing">Marketing</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Green_roof" title="Green roof">Green roof</a></li>

<li><a href="Greening" title="Greening">Greening</a></li>

<li><a href="Impact_investing" title="Impact investing">Impact investing</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_landscape_architecture" title="Sustainable landscape architecture">Landscape</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_livelihood" title="Sustainable livelihood">Livelihood</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_living" title="Sustainable living">Living</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable market">Market</a></li>

<li><a href="Organic_movement" title="Organic movement">Organic movement</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainability_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainability organizations">Organizations</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_procurement" title="Sustainable procurement">Procurement</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_refurbishment" title="Sustainable refurbishment">Refurbishment</a></li>

<li><a href="Socially_responsible_business" title="Socially responsible business">Socially responsible business</a></li>

<li><a href="Socially_responsible_marketing" title="Socially responsible marketing">Socially responsible marketing</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_sanitation" title="Sustainable sanitation">Sanitation</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_sourcing" title="Sustainable sourcing">Sourcing</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_sustainability" title="Space sustainability">Space</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainability_organization" title="Sustainability organization">Sustainability organization</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_tourism" title="Sustainable tourism">Tourism</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">Transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_urban_drainage_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable urban drainage systems">Urban drainage systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_urban_infrastructure" title="Sustainable urban infrastructure">Urban infrastructure</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sustainable_management" title="Sustainable management">Sustainable management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sustainability_and_environmental_management" title="Sustainability and environmental management">Environmental</a></li>

<li><a href="Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">Fisheries</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_forest_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable forest management">Forest</a></li>

<li><a href="Humanistic_capitalism" title="Humanistic capitalism">Humanistic capitalism</a></li>

<li><a href="Integrated_landscape_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated landscape management">Landscape</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_materials_management" title="Sustainable materials management">Materials</a></li>

<li><a href="Natural_resource_management" title="Natural resource management">Natural resource</a></li>

<li><a href="Planetary_management" title="Planetary management">Planetary</a></li>

<li><a href="Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li>

<li><a href="Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agreements and <br>conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="United_Nations_Conference_on_the_Human_Environment" title="United Nations Conference on the Human Environment"><span class="wrap">UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Brundtland_Commission" title="Brundtland Commission">Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)</a></li>

<li><a href="Our_Common_Future" title="Our Common Future"><i>Our Common Future</i> (1987)</a></li>

<li><a href="Earth_Summit" title="Earth Summit">Earth Summit (1992)</a></li>

<li><a href="Rio_Declaration_on_Environment_and_Development" title="Rio Declaration on Environment and Development">Rio Declaration on Environment and Development</a> (1992)</li>

<li><a href="Agenda_21" title="Agenda 21">Agenda 21 (1992)</a></li>

<li><a href="Convention_on_Biological_Diversity" title="Convention on Biological Diversity">Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)</a></li>

<li><a href="Lisbon_Principles" title="Lisbon Principles">Lisbon Principles</a> (1997)</li>

<li><a href="Earth_Charter" title="Earth Charter">Earth Charter</a> (2000)</li>

<li><a href="United_Nations_Millennium_Declaration" title="United Nations Millennium Declaration">UN Millennium Declaration (2000)</a></li>

<li><a href="Earth_Summit_2002" title="Earth Summit 2002">Earth Summit 2002</a> (Rio+10, Johannesburg)</li>

<li><a href="United_Nations_Conference_on_Sustainable_Development" title="United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development">UN Conference on Sustainable Development</a> (Rio+20, 2012)</li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a> (2015)</li>

<li><a href="World_Conference_on_Cultural_Policies_and_Sustainable_Development" title="World Conference on Cultural Policies and Sustainable Development">UNESCO MONDIACULT conferences</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <b>Lists</b></li>

<li><b><a href="Sustainability_science" title="Sustainability science">Science</a></b></li>

<li><b><a href="Sustainability_studies" title="Sustainability studies">Studies</a></b></li>

<li><b><a href="List_of_environmental_degrees" title="List of environmental degrees">Degrees</a></b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Construction395" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Construction395" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Home_construction" title="Home construction">Home construction</a></li>

<li><a href="Offshore_construction" title="Offshore construction">Offshore construction</a></li>

<li><a href="Underground_construction" title="Underground construction">Underground construction</a>

<ul><li><a href="Tunnel_construction" title="Tunnel construction">Tunnel construction</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_construction" title="History of construction">Construction</a></li>

<li><a href="Industrialization_of_construction" title="Industrialization of construction">Industrialization</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_infrastructure" title="History of infrastructure">Infrastructure</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_structural_engineering" title="History of structural engineering">Structural engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_architecture" title="Timeline of architecture">Timeline of architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_water_supply_and_sanitation" title="History of water supply and sanitation">Water supply and sanitation</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_world's_tallest_buildings" title="History of the world's tallest buildings">World's tallest buildings</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Architect" title="Architect">Architect</a></li>

<li><a href="Building_engineer" title="Building engineer">Building engineer</a></li>

<li><a href="Building_estimator" title="Building estimator">Building estimator</a></li>

<li><a href="Building_officials" title="Building officials">Building officials</a></li>

<li><a href="Chartered_Building_Surveyor" title="Chartered Building Surveyor">Chartered Building Surveyor</a></li>

<li><a href="Civil_engineer" title="Civil engineer">Civil engineer</a></li>

<li><a href="Civil_estimator" title="Civil estimator">Civil estimator</a></li>

<li><a href="Clerk_of_works" title="Clerk of works">Clerk of works</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_manager" title="Project manager">Project manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantity_surveyor" title="Quantity surveyor">Quantity surveyor</a></li>

<li><a href="Site_manager" title="Site manager">Site manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Structural_engineer" title="Structural engineer">Structural engineer</a></li>

<li><a href="Superintendent_(construction)" title="Superintendent (construction)">Superintendent</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trades workers<br>(<a href="List_of_construction_trades" title="List of construction trades">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Banksman" title="Banksman">Banksman</a></li>

<li><a href="Boilermaker" title="Boilermaker">Boilermaker</a></li>

<li><a href="Bricklayer" title="Bricklayer">Bricklayer</a></li>

<li><a href="Carpentry" title="Carpentry">Carpenter</a></li>

<li><a href="Concrete_finisher" title="Concrete finisher">Concrete finisher</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_foreman" title="Construction foreman">Construction foreman</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_worker" title="Construction worker">Construction worker</a></li>

<li><a href="Electrician" title="Electrician">Electrician</a></li>

<li><a href="Glazier" title="Glazier">Glazier</a></li>

<li><a href="Ironworker" title="Ironworker">Ironworker</a></li>

<li><a href="Millwright" title="Millwright">Millwright</a></li>

<li><a href="Plasterer" title="Plasterer">Plasterer</a></li>

<li><a href="Plumber" title="Plumber">Plumber</a></li>

<li><a href="Roofer" title="Roofer">Roofer</a></li>

<li><a href="Steel_fixer" title="Steel fixer">Steel fixer</a></li>

<li><a href="Welder" title="Welder">Welder</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="American_Institute_of_Constructors" title="American Institute of Constructors">American Institute of Constructors</a> (AIC)</li>

<li><a href="American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a> (ASCE)</li>

<li><a href="Asbestos_Testing_and_Consultancy_Association" title="Asbestos Testing and Consultancy Association">Asbestos Testing and Consultancy Association</a> (ATAC)</li>

<li><a href="Associated_General_Contractors_of_America" title="Associated General Contractors of America">Associated General Contractors of America</a> (AGC)</li>

<li><a href="Association_of_Plumbing_and_Heating_Contractors" title="Association of Plumbing and Heating Contractors">Association of Plumbing and Heating Contractors</a> (APHC)</li>

<li><a href="Build_UK" title="Build UK">Build UK</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_History_Society" title="Construction History Society">Construction History Society</a></li>

<li><a href="Chartered_Institution_of_Civil_Engineering_Surveyors" title="Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors">Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors</a> (CICES)</li>

<li><a href="Chartered_Institute_of_Plumbing_and_Heating_Engineering" title="Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering">Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering</a> (CIPHE)</li>

<li><a href="Civil_Engineering_Contractors_Association" title="Civil Engineering Contractors Association">Civil Engineering Contractors Association</a> (CECA)</li>

<li><a href="The_Concrete_Society" title="The Concrete Society">The Concrete Society</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_Management_Association_of_America" title="Construction Management Association of America">Construction Management Association of America</a> (CMAA)</li>

<li><a href="Construction_Specifications_Institute" title="Construction Specifications Institute">Construction Specifications Institute</a> (CSI)</li>

<li><a href="FIDIC" class="mw-redirect" title="FIDIC">FIDIC</a></li>

<li><a href="Home_Builders_Federation" title="Home Builders Federation">Home Builders Federation</a> (HBF)</li>

<li><a href="Lighting_Association" title="Lighting Association">Lighting Association</a></li>

<li><a href="National_Association_of_Home_Builders" title="National Association of Home Builders">National Association of Home Builders</a> (NAHB)</li>

<li><a href="National_Association_of_Women_in_Construction" title="National Association of Women in Construction">National Association of Women in Construction</a> (NAWIC)</li>

<li><a href="National_Fire_Protection_Association" title="National Fire Protection Association">National Fire Protection Association</a> (NFPA)</li>

<li><a href="National_Kitchen_%26_Bath_Association" title="National Kitchen & Bath Association">National Kitchen & Bath Association</a> (NKBA)</li>

<li><a href="National_Railroad_Construction_and_Maintenance_Association" title="National Railroad Construction and Maintenance Association">National Railroad Construction and Maintenance Association</a> (NRC)</li>

<li><a href="National_Tile_Contractors_Association" title="National Tile Contractors Association">National Tile Contractors Association</a> (NTCA)</li>

<li><a href="Railway_Tie_Association" title="Railway Tie Association">Railway Tie Association</a> (RTA)</li>

<li><a href="Royal_Institution_of_Chartered_Surveyors" title="Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors">Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors</a> (RICS)</li>

<li><a href="Scottish_Building_Federation" title="Scottish Building Federation">Scottish Building Federation</a> (SBF)</li>

<li><a href="Society_of_Construction_Arbitrators" title="Society of Construction Arbitrators">Society of Construction Arbitrators</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Construction_industry_of_India" title="Construction industry of India">India</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_industry_of_Japan" title="Construction industry of Japan">Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_industry_of_Romania" title="Construction industry of Romania">Romania</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_industry_of_Taiwan" title="Construction industry of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li>

<li><a href="Turkish_construction_and_contracting_industry" title="Turkish construction and contracting industry">Turkey</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_industry_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Construction industry of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Construction industry in the United States">United States</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Building_code" title="Building code">Building code</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_law" title="Construction law">Construction law</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_site_safety" title="Construction site safety">Site safety</a></li>

<li><a href="Zoning" title="Zoning">Zoning</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">Style</a>

<li><a href="Industrial_architecture" title="Industrial architecture">Industrial architecture</a>

<ul><li><a href="British_industrial_architecture" title="British industrial architecture">British</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Indigenous_architecture" title="Indigenous architecture">Indigenous architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Interior_architecture" title="Interior architecture">Interior architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">Landscape architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Vernacular_architecture" title="Vernacular architecture">Vernacular architecture</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Architectural_engineering" title="Architectural engineering">Architectural engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil engineering</a>

<ul><li><a href="Coastal_engineering" title="Coastal engineering">Coastal engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_engineering" title="Construction engineering">Construction engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Structural_engineering" title="Structural engineering">Structural engineering</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Earthquake_engineering" title="Earthquake engineering">Earthquake engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Geotechnical_engineering" title="Geotechnical engineering">Geotechnical engineering</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Earthbag_construction" title="Earthbag construction">Earthbag construction</a></li>

<li><a href="Modern_methods_of_construction" title="Modern methods of construction">Modern methods of construction</a></li>

<li><a href="Monocrete_construction" title="Monocrete construction">Monocrete construction</a></li>

<li><a href="Slip_forming" title="Slip forming">Slip forming</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Building_material" title="Building material">Building material</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_building_materials" title="List of building materials">List of building materials</a></li>

<li><a href="Millwork" title="Millwork">Millwork</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Builder's_signature" title="Builder's signature">Builder's signature</a></li>

<li><a href="Builders'_rites" title="Builders' rites">Builders' rites</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_bidding" title="Construction bidding">Construction bidding</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_delay" title="Construction delay">Construction delay</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_equipment_theft" title="Construction equipment theft">Construction equipment theft</a></li>

<li><a href="Cornerstone" title="Cornerstone">Cornerstone</a></li>

<li><a href="Floor_loan" title="Floor loan">Floor loan</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_management" title="Construction management">Construction management</a></li>

<li><a href="Construction_waste" title="Construction waste">Construction waste</a></li>

<li><a href="Demolition" title="Demolition">Demolition</a></li>

<li><a href="Design%E2%80%93build" title="Design–build">Design–build</a></li>

<li><a href="Design%E2%80%93bid%E2%80%93build" title="Design–bid–build">Design–bid–build</a></li>

<li><a href="Heavy_equipment" title="Heavy equipment">Heavy equipment</a></li>

<li><a href="Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior design</a></li>

<li><a href="Illegal_construction" title="Illegal construction">Illegal construction</a></li>

<li><a href="Lists_of_buildings_and_structures" title="Lists of buildings and structures">Lists of buildings and structures</a></li>

<li><a href="Megaproject" title="Megaproject">Megaproject</a></li>

<li><a href="Megastructure" title="Megastructure">Megastructure</a></li>

<li><a href="Plasterwork" title="Plasterwork">Plasterwork</a>

<ul><li><a href="Damp_proofing" title="Damp proofing">Proofing</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Parge_coat" class="mw-redirect" title="Parge coat">Parge coat</a></li>

<li><a href="Roughcast" title="Roughcast">Roughcast</a>

<ul><li><a href="Harling_(wall_finish)" title="Harling (wall finish)">Harling</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_development" title="Real estate development">Real estate development</a></li>

<li><a href="Real-estate_bubble" title="Real-estate bubble">Real-estate bubble</a></li>

<li><a href="Stonemasonry" title="Stonemasonry">Stonemasonry</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainability_in_construction" title="Sustainability in construction">Sustainability</a></li>

<li><a href="Topping_out" title="Topping out">Topping out</a></li>

<li><a href="Unfinished_building" title="Unfinished building">Unfinished building</a></li>

<li><a href="Urban_design" title="Urban design">Urban design</a></li>

<li><a href="Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"></span></span> <a href="Outline_of_construction" title="Outline of construction">Outline</a>

<span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox675" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authority control databases: National </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4188027-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="technická zařízení budov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph126470&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-14" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Building_services_engineering&oldid=1295519122">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>